Child safety

In the Northern Territory (NT), children under four years of age must not be in the front row of seats in a vehicle with two or more rows.

Children four to under seven years of age can only sit in the front seat of a vehicle with two or more rows when all other seats are occupied by children of a lesser age.

When in a vehicle all children under seven must be in a fitted and approved child restraint suited to their age, size and weight.

Read more about child restraints.

You should never:

• leave your keys in the car - children have crashed their parents' car or have become trapped in power windows
• leave children or pets locked in a car
• leave a young child alone in a car - they may:
  • get bored and explore the car's knobs and buttons
  • become distressed or try to struggle free from seatbelts and get injured
  • be in danger of someone trying to steal the car with them in it
  • become seriously ill when the temperature in the car increases quickly - this can happen in any season.

You should always:

• check your children are in a safe place before backing your car out of the driveway - put them in the car with you when moving it
• when driving always stop the car when you need to turn around to attend to your child in the back seat - it's easy to get distracted and have an accident
• make sure there is nothing loose on the dashboard, parcel shelf or floor - even a box of tissues can cause harm in an accident
• never put anything heavy in the back of a hatchback or station wagon unless it is safely secured
• make fences and gates childproof so young children can't get near traffic
• hold on to young children near roads - even if they can repeat road rules to you, they don't understand them yet, no matter how many times you tell them.

In the NT, children aged under 17 years must wear a helmet when riding a bike.

You should make sure your child wears a helmet and safety gear such as wrist guards, elbow and knee pads when using a scooter, skateboard, Segway, pennyboard, ripstick, roller skates or rollerblades.

Teach your child relevant road rules.

For more ideas, activities and tips go to the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website.

Don't give your baby or infant hard pieces of food such as nuts, apple or raw carrot.

Give them cooked or grated vegetables. Sit toddlers down to eat and supervise them.

Don't force your child to eat anything they don't want.

Check toys and play equipment regularly for sharp edges, splinters and loose parts.

Make sure the surface under climbing frames and swings is soft and impact absorbing.

Toys for young children should not have small, loose parts that can be broken off and swallowed. Keep older children's toys with small pieces and small batteries away from toddlers.

Don't use baby walkers - they can cause serious injuries. They can cause delays in learning to walk if used frequently.

For more ideas, activities and tips go to the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website.

Always supervise small children around dogs.

It's a good idea to have a secure area where your dog can be by itself away from children.

Teach your children to have a healthy respect for all dogs, including your own.

If you are getting a new dog, get some advice about the type of dog that would best suit your situation.

Make sure all your family takes some responsibility for your dog's behaviour and training.

Contact your local vet or the RSPCA if you need more information or help.

For more ideas, activities and tips go to the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website.

Install a smoke detector and check the battery regularly.

Keep matches and lighters away from children.

Keep heaters away from curtains, furniture, clothing and bedding.

If using candles or oil burners, place them on a safe surface away from curtains or bedding. Never leave them lit when you leave the room, even for a little while.

Watch children closely around barbecues and campfires. Make sure campfires are properly put out and covered.

Use fireguards on open fires, gas or oil heaters, pot belly stoves and radiators.

Always keep keys for locked external doors within reach of the door.

Have a fire extinguisher or fire blanket in the kitchen, nearby but away from the stove or oven.

If a child has a burn, cool the burnt area under running cold water for at least 20 minutes. Never use ice to cool the skin. If the burn is bigger than a 20-cent piece, see a doctor or take your child to the hospital.

When someone dies in a house fire, it's usually from smoke or poisonous fumes.

Teach your child the following:

• yell and bang on the walls to let your family know of danger
• don't open a door that's hot to touch - fire may be on the other side
• walk, don't run, from a burning building
• crawl under smoke - get down low and go away from the fire
• stop, drop and roll if your clothes catch on fire - stop walking, drop to the ground and roll to put out the fire
• treat any burns with cool running water
• have a meeting place outside that everyone knows about
• don't go back inside for pets or valuables.

Close your eyes or cover them with a scarf and practice finding your way out of the house.

Make it fun so your children don't get scared but they will know what to do.

Tell your children to crawl to keep under smoke. Practice 'get down low and go, go, go' and 'stop, drop and roll'.

Practice getting out from different rooms.

Have more than one way to get out the house and meet at your special meeting place outside.

Have a circuit breaker installed in your fuse box or switchboard. It will switch off the power if there is an electrical fault.

Check all electrical appliances for frayed cords, smoke or loose wiring.

Don't overload power points. Think about using a surge-protector for electronic and electrical devices.

Make sure all electrical appliances and their cords are out of reach of children.

Cover power points with plastic protectors to stop children poking things in them.

Be careful of electrical appliances near water - it's easy to get electrocuted.

Don't use electric blankets for young children.

Use only wall-mounted or ceiling-mounted fans in the bathroom. Install wall-mounted heaters up high.

For more ideas, activities and tips go to the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website.

Follow this checklist to help decide if your child is ready to stay at home alone.

Check how each child feels about being home on their own

If your child is frightened to be on their own, talk to them about it.

If they are scared of something specific, like the sound of a tree banging against the window, then sometimes just helping your child to work out what they are frightened of can make their fear go away.

If their fear is a more general one, then making your child stay home alone could be terrifying for them. Wait until they are older and more confident before you let them stay home on their own.

Check the safety of your house and neighbourhood

Check that your house is safe.

Find a trusted person who lives or works nearby to help your child if needed.

Read more about child safety.

See Step 1: Make your place safe on the 7 Steps to Safety page of the Department of Children and Families website.

Check if each child can physically manage on their own

Check if your child is tall and strong enough to open and close doors and windows and turn on light switches at home.

If they need to stand on a chair to reach, then they are not big enough yet to stay at home safely.

Make sure your child is able to safely manage simple jobs, like getting a snack ready.

Check if each child can make safe decisions

As children get older, they get better at being able to plan and predict - but they still don't think in the same way as adults.

To stay home alone your child needs to be grown-up enough to think about what may happen if they don't follow a rule or if something unexpected happens.

You can play a what-if game to help you work out if your child is thinking safely.

See Step 6: Ready Yet? on the 7 Steps to Safety page of the Department of Children and Families website.

If most of your child's answers are unsafe, then they are probably not ready to be left on their own.

Check if each child is responsible enough

Check that each child can find safe, active and interesting things to do when they're at home on their own. Help them to get into a routine of things to do, especially after school.

Think about whether your child will follow your family rules when you are not at home.

Check that your child can talk about their feelings

Check in with your child about how they are feeling and encourage them to tell you if something goes wrong.

Help them to recognise when they are feeling unsafe or scared. Let them know they can talk to you, or to someone else they trust.

Check how you can support your child

Work out ways to supervise and support your child when they are home alone. You could arrange to phone them, or for a trusted neighbour to check on them.

Get home when you say, or let your child know if you are going to be late. An extra half hour can seem a very long time if your child is worried or frightened.

Check that you have prepared your child to be on their own

It’s important that your child knows how to handle unexpected situations at home.

Check that you have a list of emergency contacts somewhere easy to see and that your child knows what to do in an emergency. Help them to practice.

See Step 5: Emergency on the 7 Steps to Safety page of the Department of Children and Families website.

The following rules and tips can help you and your child prepare for staying home alone.

Have clear rules and make sure that each child understands them

You may need to have different rules for when your child is at home on their own, or home with brothers and sisters.

This could include rules about things such as playing inside and outside, answering the phone or door, family pets, using technology and friends coming over.

Don’t assume your child knows the rules. Ask them to tell you the rules, and to show you what they would do in a situation. Younger children can know a rule but still act without thinking.

See Step 2: Cool tools for family rules on the 7 Steps to Safety page of the Department of Children and Families website. This brochure has ideas on how to make rules with your child that can help keep them safe.

When preparing your child for staying home alone, make sure they know the following:

• how to use the home or mobile phone to contact you, neighbours, friends, family and emergency services on 000 - see Step 5: Emergency on the 7 Steps to Safety page of the Department of Children and Families website
• their own phone number and home address - emergency services will need to know where to go
• where to find the first-aid kit and how to use it
• how to use keys in deadlocks and how to unbolt them, if needed
• what to do if there is a fire - what to do if a smoke alarm sounds and how to use a fire extinguisher or fire blanket
• how to judge if a child is unwell and needs help.

It is not fair to expect an older child to care for younger brothers and sisters. They might resent being asked to do it and younger children can resent being told what to do.

It can be especially challenging if any children are unwell, have difficult behaviours, or a disability which requires extra care and consideration. The oldest child is not always the most capable to care for other children.

You could be held responsible if something goes wrong when a person under 18 years old is caring for younger children.

If you decide to leave your children in the care of an older brother or sister or other young person, the following strategies can help:

• make sure all the children know who is in charge and that they are confident and happy about it
• set clear rules, displayed for everyone to see, and make sure everyone understands them - get the step 2: cool tools for family rules brochure from the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website
• if the children are close in age, make sure each one is responsible for themselves - you can only do this if all the children are grown up enough to follow the family rules and help each other out
• help them work out what to do if there are things they often argue about when you are out - eg: watching TV or doing jobs around the house
• make sure your children know and have practiced what to do in an emergency and have a list of emergency contacts - get the step 5: emergency brochure from the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website
• if you are leaving a mobile phone with your child, program contact phone numbers into it
• write down any instructions and keep them visible
• if friends are allowed over, make sure their parents know you won’t be home
• be realistic in what you expect - older children are still children and it may not be fair to leave them in charge of younger ones, especially overnight.

Babies and toddlers should never be left at home alone, even for a short time. It is unsafe and could be stressful for them.

Imagine what could happen if you left your sleeping baby at home while you picked up your child from preschool and then you had an accident and could not get home quickly.

If you and your child feel confident that they are ready and prepared to stay at home alone, the following tips can help you start:

• start with short periods of time - try 10 minutes to see how it goes
• check with each child about how it went - ask if they felt safe or if there was anything they were worried about
• try something else if it doesn’t work - maybe that child is not ready yet
• talk about the family rules regularly - children sometimes forget and you will need to remind them
• regularly go through the checklist of how to know if your child is ready.

For more information or to find out where you can get support go to the following websites.

Child health, learning and development

Raising Children Network
Department of Children and Families - 7 Steps to Safety

Counselling services

Kids Helpline
Parentline

Product safety

Kidsafe NT

Put child-resistant locks on laundry, kitchen and bathroom cupboards that contain medicines, cleaning products and toiletries. This includes deodorants, perfume and shaving lotions.

Use a child-resistant medicine cupboard for all medicines, including oral contraceptives. Don't leave them on top of your bedside table or in the drawers.

Check that visitors don't leave bags with tablets in them within your child's reach.

Keep alcohol and medicines locked away from children.

Don't store things like chemicals and cleaning products in food containers. Keep them in their original containers with child-resistant lids.

Keep medicines and pills in their original packaging. Ask your local pharmacist how to get rid of old medicines.

For more information, go to the following websites:

• WA Poisons Information Centre
• New South Wales Poisons Information Centre.

For more ideas, activities and tips go to the 7 Steps to Safety page on the Department of Children and Families website.